Rufus Mallory

Rufus Mallory was an American educator, lawyer, and politician who served as a U.S. Representative for Oregon's 1st congressional district from 1867 to 1869. A member of the Republican Party, he played a significant role in Oregon's early political landscape and was involved in various legal and civic endeavors throughout his life. Mallory's career spanned several decades, during which he contributed to the development of the state of Oregon and its legal framework.

Early life and career

Rufus Mallory was born on January 10, 1831, in Coventry, New York, to Samuel and Lucretia Mallory. He was one of nine children in his family. Mallory's early education took place in local schools across Allegany and Steuben counties, where he attended various institutions, including Scio and Greenwood, before enrolling at Alfred Academy (now Alfred University) in New York. His academic pursuits were marked by a focus on law, which he began studying at a young age. At the age of 16, he left school to start his teaching career while simultaneously reading law.

In 1855, Mallory moved to New London, Iowa, where he continued his work as an educator until 1858. Seeking new opportunities, he relocated to the Oregon Territory, arriving on January 1, 1859. He settled in Roseburg, a town in Douglas County, where he resumed teaching for 15 months while also studying law. By 1860, he was admitted to the bar and began his legal career. Mallory was appointed as the district attorney for Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine counties, which marked the beginning of his involvement in public service.

In 1860, Mallory married Lucy A. Rose, the daughter of the founder of Roseburg, Aaron Rose. The couple had one son together. His political career began to take shape when he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1862 as a Republican, representing Douglas County. He served in this capacity until 1864. During this period, he moved to Salem, where he continued his legal practice and was appointed as the district attorney for Oregon's third district from 1862 to 1866. Mallory gained notoriety as a prosecutor, particularly for his role in a high-profile murder trial that resulted in the conviction and execution of two men in 1865.

House tenure

Rufus Mallory's congressional career began when he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, serving Oregon's 1st congressional district from March 4, 1867, to March 3, 1869. His election came after a notable legal career and a reputation built on his work in the Oregon House. He won his seat by defeating his opponent, James D. Fay, by a margin of 600 votes. Mallory's term in Congress coincided with a tumultuous period in American history, marked by the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.

During his time in the House, Mallory participated in significant legislative discussions and decisions. He voted against the first impeachment attempt of President Johnson in the fall of 1867 but later changed his position and supported the second attempt in February 1868. This shift was accompanied by a notable speech on the House floor, reflecting the intense political climate of the time. Despite his active participation in Congress, Mallory chose not to seek re-election in 1868, concluding his single term without pursuing further political office at the federal level.

Legislative focus and committees

While specific details regarding the committees Mallory served on during his congressional tenure are not documented, his legislative focus can be inferred from the political context of his time. As a Republican representative during the Reconstruction era, Mallory's actions and votes were likely influenced by the party's platform, which emphasized civil rights, economic development, and the integration of the Southern states back into the Union following the Civil War.

After completing his term in Congress, Mallory returned to Oregon, where he continued his legal practice in Salem. His political career was not over, as he was re-elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1872, representing Marion County and serving as Speaker of the House. This role allowed him to further influence state legislation and governance. In 1874, he was appointed as the United States district attorney, a position he held until 1882. His legal career continued to evolve as he took on various roles, including a special agent for the U.S. Treasury Department in Singapore.

In addition to his legal and political endeavors, Mallory was involved in civic projects, such as the incorporation of the Willamette Bridge Railway Company in 1887. This company operated a steam-powered streetcar across the Morrison Street Bridge, contributing to the expansion of public transportation in Portland. Mallory's influence extended into the legal community as one of the founding members of the Oregon Bar Association in 1890.

Rufus Mallory passed away on April 30, 1914, in Portland, Oregon, at the age of 83. His legacy includes contributions to Oregon's legal framework, public service, and civic development. The Hotel Mallory, commissioned by him in 1912, stands as a testament to his impact on the city of Portland and was later recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Mallory Avenue in the Albina District of Portland also serves as a reminder of his contributions to the region.