Preston King

Preston King was an American attorney and politician who served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1857 to 1863. A member of the Republican Party, King had a diverse political career that included roles in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the New York State Assembly. Known for his opposition to slavery, he was affiliated with several political parties throughout his career, including the Democratic Party, the Free Soil Party, and the Republican Party. After leaving the Senate, he was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position he held until his death in 1865.

Early life and career

Preston King was born on October 14, 1806, in Ogdensburg, New York. He was the illegitimate son of John King and Margaret Galloway. Following the circumstances of his birth, he was placed under the guardianship of Louis Hasbrouck, a lawyer in Ogdensburg. King pursued his education with diligence, engaging in classical studies that culminated in his graduation from Union College in 1827. During his time at Union College, he became an early member of the Kappa Alpha Society, which fostered his interest in public affairs and leadership.

After completing his education, King studied law and was subsequently admitted to the bar, allowing him to practice as an attorney. His political career began in earnest in 1830 when he established the St. Lawrence Republican newspaper, which served as a platform for his political views and ambitions. In addition to his work in journalism, King was appointed Postmaster of Ogdensburg, a position he held from 1831 to 1834 during the presidency of Martin Van Buren.

King's political involvement deepened when he became a Democratic member of the New York State Assembly, representing St. Lawrence County from 1835 to 1838. During this period, he participated in the 58th through the 61st New York State Legislatures, contributing to legislative discussions and decisions that shaped the state’s policies.

In 1843, King was elected to the 28th United States Congress as a Democrat, serving until 1847. During his time in the House of Representatives, he was appointed Chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Invalid Pensions in the 29th Congress. His tenure in Congress coincided with a significant period of political realignment within the Democratic Party, particularly marked by the conflict between the Barnburners and Hunkers factions. In 1847, King was appointed chairman of the Barnburners, reflecting his alignment with the more progressive wing of the party.

Following his initial congressional service, King was elected as a Free Soiler to the 31st and 32nd United States Congresses, where he served from 1849 to 1853. His commitment to anti-slavery principles was evident during this time, as he worked to promote the Free Soil Party's platform, which opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories.

Senate tenure

In February 1857, Preston King was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican, marking a significant transition in his political career. He officially took office on March 4, 1857, and served until March 4, 1863. During his time in the Senate, King was involved in various legislative matters and held the position of Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Revolutionary Claims during the 37th Congress. His role in the Senate was characterized by his ongoing commitment to the principles he had championed throughout his career, particularly his opposition to slavery and his advocacy for civil rights.

King's Senate tenure occurred during a tumultuous period in American history, as the nation grappled with issues related to slavery, states' rights, and the impending Civil War. His work in the Senate contributed to the broader discussions and debates surrounding these critical issues, although specific details of his legislative achievements during this time are not extensively documented.

After completing his Senate term, King returned to the practice of law. His political influence continued as he was considered for the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1860. He also served as a presidential elector on the Abraham Lincoln ticket in 1864, where he played a role in securing the nomination of Andrew Johnson for the Vice Presidency.

Legislative focus and committees

Throughout his political career, Preston King was known for his strong opposition to slavery, which was a defining feature of his legislative focus. His alignment with the Democratic Party, the Free Soil Party, and later the Republican Party reflected his commitment to anti-slavery principles and his desire to promote civil rights. As a member of various legislative bodies, King was actively engaged in discussions and initiatives aimed at addressing the moral and political challenges posed by slavery in the United States.

In the U.S. Senate, King served on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, where he addressed issues related to claims made by individuals seeking compensation for losses incurred during the American Revolution. His work on this committee demonstrated his involvement in historical and financial matters that affected constituents and the nation as a whole.

After leaving the Senate, King continued to influence political affairs through his appointment as Collector of the Port of New York by President Andrew Johnson in August 1865. This position was significant as it was intended to reduce corruption within the port and to unify support for Johnson's presidency. However, King faced challenges in this role, and his despair over the political climate ultimately led to his tragic death on November 12, 1865, when he drowned in New York Harbor.

Preston King's life and career were marked by a commitment to public service and a dedication to the principles of justice and equality. His contributions to American politics, particularly in relation to anti-slavery efforts, continue to be recognized as part of the historical narrative of the United States during a critical period of transformation.